Table 1 Distribution of individual characteristics in relation to blood lead levels.
From: Relation between anemia and blood levels of lead, copper, zinc and iron among children
Characters of studied group | Blood lead level | ||
|---|---|---|---|
Low <10 μg/dl (n = 22) | High ≥10 μg/dl (n = 38) | Test of significance | |
No (%) | No (%) | ||
Age: | |||
- school children (≥6 years old) | 9 (40.9) | 20 (52.6) | x2 = 0.76 |
Pre-school children (<6 years old) | 13 (59.1) | 18 (47.4) | P = 0.4 |
Gender: | |||
- Male | 9 (40.9) | 23 (60.5) | x2 = 2.15 |
- Female | 13 (59.1) | 15 (39.5) | P = 0.1 |
Residency: | |||
- Urban | 12 (54.5) | 20 (52.6) | x2 = 0.21 |
- Rural | 10 (45.5) | 18 (47.4) | P = 1.0 |
Mother education: | |||
- Education | 3 (13.6) | 4 (10.5) | x2 = 0.15 |
- Illiterate | 19 (86.4) | 34 (89.5) | P = 0.9 |
Father education: | |||
- Education | 3 (13.6) | 4 (10.5) | x2 = 0.34 |
- Illiterate | 19 (86.4) | 34 (89.5) | P = 0.8 |
Mother work: | |||
- Employed | 3 (13.6) | 4 (10.5) | x2 = 0.13 |
- Unemployed | 19 (86.4) | 34 (89.5) | P = 0.7 |
Father work: | |||
- Employed | 16 (72.7) | 28 (73.7) | x2 = 0.07 |
- Unemployed | 6 (27.3) | 10 (26.3) | P = 0.9 |
Sources of drinking water: | |||
- Tap water | 12 (54.5) | 20 (52.6) | x2 = 0.02 |
- Hand pump water | 10 (45.5) | 18 (47.4) | P = 1.0 |
Socioeconomic level: | |||
- Middle | 3 (13.6) | 4 (10.5) | x2 = 0.13 |
- Low | 19 (86.4) | 34 (89.5) | P = 0.7 |