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Table 1 Analysis of 16 trials reporting on the efficacy of DBS treatment for OCD, TRD, or both.

From: Deep brain stimulation for obsessive-compulsive disorder and treatment-resistant depression: systematic review

 

Study

Jadad score

Double blind

No. of patients (started/finished)

Final observation period (months)

Cerebral blood flow

Clinical scales

DBS location

Adverse effects*

Patients improved

Patients recovered

OCD

Nuttin 1999 [4]

3

Yes

6/4

21

fMRI, PET

POMS

AL/IC

 

3 (75%)

 
 

Gabriels 2003 [5]

0

No

3/3

33-39

 

BPRS, POMS, Y-BOCS

AL/IC

 

2 (66%)

 
 

Nuttin 2003 [6]

4

Yes

6/4

21

fMRI, PET

CGI, Y-BOCS

AL/IC, DMNT

 

3 (50%)

 
 

Sturm 2003 [7]

0

No

4/4

30-34

fMRI, PET

 

Right NA

 

4 (100%)

 
 

Abelson 2005 [8]

3

No

4/4

10

PET

GAF, HDRS

AL/IC

Mild dizziness

3 (75%)

1 (25%)

 

Greenberg 2006 [9]

4

Yes

10/8

36

 

HDRS, Y-BOCS

AL/IC, VC/C

Seizure, hypomania, relapse with battery failure

2 (25%)

4 (50%)

 

Jimenez 2007** [10]

0

Yes

1/1

  

GAF

ITP

 

1 (100%)

1 (100%)

 

Mallet 2008 [11]

4

Yes

18/168

3

 

GAF, CGI MADRAS, MDRS, MINI, Y-BOCS

STN

15 major including a brain hemorrhage, 22 minor adverse events

10 (62%)

4 (25%)

 

Nuttin 2008 [12]

4

Yes

6/6

21

PET

CGI, Y-BOCS

AL/IC

 

3 (75%)

 

TRD

Jimenez 2005 [13]

0

No

1/1

24

 

HDRS

ITP

  

1 (100%)

 

Mayberg 2005 [14]

3

Yes

6/6

6

PET

CGI, HDRS, MADRS, PANAS

CG

  

4 (66%)

 

Schlapfer 2005 [15]

4

Yes

3/3

 

PET

    

3 (100%)

 

Jimenez 2007** [10]

0

No

1/1

  

HDRS, GAS

ITP

  

1 (100%)

 

Lozano 2008 [16]

4

Yes

20/20

12

PET

BAI, BDI, CGI, HDRS

CG

 

12 (60%)

7 (35%)

 

Malone 2009 [17]

4

No

15/15

15

 

CGI, GAF, HDRS, MADRS

VC/CS

  

6 (40%)

 

Wang 2009 [18]

0

Yes

21/21***

  

HDRS

STN

   

OCD and TRD

Aouizerate 2009 [19]

0

 

1/1

15

 

HDRS, Y-BOCS

LCa, NA

 

1 (100%)

 
  1. AL/IC, anterior limbs of internal capsule; BAI, Beck Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BPRS, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale; CG, cingulate gyrus; CGI, Clinical Global Impressions; DMNT, dorsa-medial nucleus of the thalamus; GAF, Global Assessment of Function; GAS, Global Assessment Scale; ITP, inferior thalamic peduncle; LCa, limbic caudate; HDRS, Hamilton Depression Rating Scale; MADRS, Montgomery-Asberg Depression Rating Scale; MDRS, Mattis Dementia Rating Scale; MINI, Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview; NA, nucleus accumbens; PANAS, Positive and Negative Affects Scales; PET, positron emission tomography; PMOS, Profile of Mood States; STN, subthalamic nucleus; VC/CS, ventral capsule/ventral striatum; Y-BOCS, Yale-Brown Obsessive-Compulsive Scale.
  2. Blank cells indicate that there were no data on that subject in the paper.
  3. *Other than minor surgical effects.
  4. **In this study, one patient with OCD and another with TRD underwent DBS.
  5. ***Patients on anti-Parkinson drugs were controls.