Figure 1

Whole-genome phylogenetic tree of E. coli. The FFP tree is based on 1,125,665 low-frequency core features shared among all 42 isolates. E. coli isolates were named in the format of pathotype followed by serotype, if known, and then isolate name. The 2011 German outbreak isolates were highlighted in red, the 2001 strain in green, the EAEC strain in blue and typical EHEC strains in pink. Branch length represents the number of character feature changes. Numerical values at nodes are 10% jackknife confidence values, no value represents 100% agreement among pseudoreplicates. E. fergusonii ATCC 35469 was used as the outgroup. Abbreviations of pathotypes are: enterohemorrhagic E. coli (EHEC), enteroaggregative E. coli (EAEC), non-pathogenic E. coli (NPEC), enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), uropathogenic E. coli (UPEC), enteropathogenic E. coli (EPEC), avian pathogenic E. coli (APEC) and meningitis-associated E. coli (MNEC).