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Table 3 Associations between three dimensions of the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scales and different forms of health behaviour adjusted for age and sex* (results from binary logistic and multinomial regression indicate odds ratio per unit change in HLOC dimension score, separate models for each form of behaviour**)

From: Health-related locus of control and health behaviour among university students in North Rhine Westphalia, Germany

  

ILOC

p-value

PLOC

p-value

CLOC

p-value

Behaviour

 

OR (95% CI)

 

OR (95% CI)

 

OR (95% CI)

 

Cigarette smoking (N=3229 )

Non-Smoker

1

 

1

 

1

 

Ex-Smoker

1.01 (0.95-1.07)

0.826

0.95 (0.89-1.01)

0.084

0.96 (0.91-1.02)

0.230

Smoker

1.01 (0.96-1.06)

0.778

0.97 (0.92-1.02)

0.165

1.09 (1.04-1-15)

0.001

Alcohol consumption (N=3271)

Never

1

 

1

 

1

 

Less than once a week

1.03 (0.96-1.11)

0.449

1.03 (0.95-1.11)

0.494

0.97 (0.90-1.04)

0.397

Once a week

1.04 (0.97-1-12)

0.318

0.99 (0.92-1.07)

0.847

0.96 (0.89-1.04)

0.318

Several times every week

1.04 (0.97-1-12)

0.297

0.94 (0.87-1.01)

0.111

1.02 (0.95-1.10)

0.563

Every day or more

1.07 (0.93-1.23)

0.363

0.95 (0.82-1.09)

0.442

1.19 (0.97-1.07)

0.013

Drug intake (N=3189)

No

1

0.801

1

0.012

1

0.319

Yes

0.99 (0.93-1.06)

0.92 (0.85-0.98)

1.04 (0.97-1.11)

Weight (N=3154)

Underweight

0.93 (0.84-1.02)

0.116

1.10 (0.99-1.22)

0.069

0.91 (0.82-1.01)

0.068

Normal weight

1

 

1

 

1

 

Overweight

0.98 (0.93-1.04)

0.562

1.04 (0.99-1.10)

0.133

1.04 (0.98-1.09)

0.019

Physical activity (N=3263)

At least 3 times a week

1

 

1

 

1

 

1 to 2 times a week

0.87 (0.83-0.91)

<0.001

1.08 (1.03-1.13)

0.002

1.06 (1.01-1.11)

0.019

Less than once a week

0.86 (0.81-0.91)

<0.001

1.07 (1.01-1.13)

0.026

1.12 (1.06-1.18)

<0.001

Importance of healthy nutrition (N=3281)

Very important

1

 

1

 

1

 

Somewhat important

0.89 (0.84-0.94)

<0.001

1.02 (0.97-1.08)

0.458

1.04 (0.99-1.10)

0.140

Important

0.79 (0.74-0.84)

<0.001

0.96 (0.90-1.02)

0.135

1.10 (1.04-1.17)

0.001

Somewhat unimportant

0.79 (0.72-0.87)

<0.001

0.90 (0.82-0.99)

0.025

1.25 (1.14-1.37)

<0.001

 

Very unimportant

0.64 (0.55-0.74)

<0.001

0.83 (0.71-0.97)

0.016

1.29 (1.11-1.49)

0.001

  1. * The first category of each health behaviour variable in the table indicated the reference group.
  2. ILOC – internal locus of control.
  3. PLOC – external locus of control dimension “powerful others”.
  4. CLOC – external locus of control dimension “chance”.
  5. OR – odds ratio.
  6. CI – confidence interval.
  7. ** All models were composed of sex and age, and the three HLOC scales as independent variables.