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Table 2 Study characteristics - hip

From: Tranexamic acid and the reduction of blood loss in total knee and hip arthroplasty: a meta-analysis

Study, Year

Patients lost to follow-up and/or excluded after randomization

Dose of TXA

Method of TXA administration

Control

Transfusion criteria

Method of measuring blood loss

Deep vein thrombosis screening method

DVT prophylaxis

Benoni, 2000[29]

1

10 mg/kg at end of operation + again three hours later.

IV

S

Clinical condition

Swabs + drain

Clinical exam.

Klexane.

Benoni, 2001[33]

2

10 mg/kg - max = 1 gram over 5–10 minutes, immediately before operation started.

IV

S

Clinical decision. Usually Hb < 80–100 g/L.

Swabs + drain

Clinical exam.

Klexane.

Husted, 2003[25]

0

10 mg/kg for 10 minutes, 15 minutes prior to incision + 1 mg/kg/hr for 10 hours.

IV

S

Hb < 25% + clinical symptoms.

Drain + transfusions + swabs

Clinical exam +/− ultrasound + follow-up 3 months post-op.

Low molecular weight heparin.

Yamasaki, 2004[40]

0

1000 mg 5 minutes prior to operation.

IV

Non-TXA

N/R

Swabs + drain

Clinical exam + ascending phlebography.

None

Garneti, 2004[14]

0

10 mg/kg.

IV

S

N/R

Swabs + drain

Belfast scan, duplex scan or venogram - fifth postoperative day.

DTV stockings + foot pumps.

Lemay, 2004[34]

1

Test dose 1 mL. 10 mg/kg prior to surgery. 1 mg/kg/hr infusion until wound closure.

IV

S

90 g/L or 70 g/L – dependant on patient.

Swabs + drain

Clinical exam daily + ultrasound of both inferior limbs between post-op days 5–10 or earlier if symptoms present.

Dalteparin.

Johansson, 2005[26]

19

15 mg/kg single injection.

IV

S

Hb < 90 g/L

Swabs + drain + Hb balance method.

Clinical exam +/−ultrasound.

Fragmin.

Niskanen, 2005[30]

1

Three doses of 10 mg/kg. 1st over 5–10 minutes immediately before operation. 2nd + 3rd, 8 hrs + 16 hours after operation

IV

S

Hct 28% - 30% + clinical situation

Swabs + drain

Clinical exam +/− ultrasound.

Dalteparin.

Claeys, 2007[32]

0

15 mg/kg.

IV

S

Hb < 85 g/L or Hemocrit < 27%.

Swabs + drain

Clinical exam daily + ultrasound on tenth postoperative day.

Fraxiparine.

Kazemi, 2010[8]

0

15 mg/kg slowly 5 minutes pre-operatively

IV

S

Used allowable blood loss formula.

Swabs + drain

Clinical exam.

Enoxaparin.

Malhotra, 2011[20]

0

15 mg/kg 15 minutes prior to surgery.

IV

S

Reduction in Hb exceeding 25% + clinical symptoms.

Swabs + drain

Colour ultrasound on tenth post-op day.

Low molecular weight heparin + elastic leg dressing.

McConnell, 2011[38]

0

10 mg/kg bolus at start of surgery.

IV

Non-TXA

N/R

Change in hemocrit method.

N/R

Stockings + early mobilization + aspirin

Imai, 2012[39]

 

1 g 1) 10 minutes prior to skin closure 2) and again 2 hours later. 1 g 3) 10 minutes before surgery 4) and again 6 hours later.

IV

Non-TXA

N/R

Change in hemocrit method.

Whole body CT on 7th postoperative day.

Stockings + enoxaparin

  1. DVT – deep venous thrombosis, C – Control, TXA – tranexamic acid, S – saline, IV – intravenously, N/R – not reported.