Table 1 Adrenal insufficiency after orthopaedic surgery
From: Acute adrenal insufficiency following arthroplasty: a case report and review of the literature
Cases | Author | Country | Age | Sex | Type of surgery | Diagnosis | Symptoms | Biochemical exams |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | Findling et al., 1987 [15] | USA | 44 | M | unspecified | CT | abdominal pain, vomiting, hypotension | hyponatremia, hyperkalemia |
2 | Delhumeau et al., 1989 [16] | France | 76 | F | total hip arthroplasty | abdominal ultrasound | abdominal pain, fever, hypotension, altered consciousness | hyponatremia, natriuresis, thrombocytopenia |
3 | 74 | M | tibial osteosynthesis | not done | abdominal pain, fever, hypotension, shock, altered consciousness | hyponatremia, thrombocytopenia | ||
4 | 62 | M | tibial osteosynthesis | CT | abdominal pain, asthenia, nausea | hyponatremia, thrombocytopenia | ||
5 | Ernest and Fischer, 1991 [17] | Australia | 68 | F | total hip arthroplasty | CT | fever, hypotension | hyponatremia, hyperkalemia |
6 | Souied et al., 1991 [18] | France | 63 | F | total hip arthroplasty | CT | fever, hypotension | hyponatremia, hyperkalemia |
7 | Bleasel et al., 1992 [19] | Australia | 69 | F | total knee arthroplasty | CT | fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, hypotension | hyponatremia, hyperkalemia |
8 | Hardwicke and Kisly, 1992 [20] | USA | 63 | F | bilateral total knee arthroplasty | CT | fever, nausea, anorexia, vomiting, abdominal pain, confusion, feeling of illness, hypotension | anemia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia |
9 | Delhumeau et al., 1993 [21] | France | 74 | M | total hip arthroplasty, thrombectomy of both limbs due to bilateral arterial thrombosis | CT | abdominal pain, fever, hypotension, abdominal tenderness | hyponatremia, hyperkalemia |
10 | Santonastaso et al., 1993 [22] | Italy | not reported | F | osteotomy | CT | somnolence, asthenia, hypotension | not reported |
11 | Ries et al., 1994 [23] | USA | 61 | F | bilateral total knee arthroplasty | autopsy | abdominal discomfort, nausea, collapse | none |
12 | Cozzolino et al., 1997 [24] | USA | 66 | F | total knee arthroplasty | CT | nausea, anorexia, emesis, lethargy | hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, anemia, azotemia |
13 | Rowland et al., 1999 [25] | Australia | 50 | M | unspecified | CT | fever, abdominal pain, dizziness, hypotension | hyponatremia |
14 | Caubet et al., 1999 [26] | France | 63 | F | tibial osteosynthesis | CT | fever, hypotension, tachypnea | thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia, hyperkalemia, elevated INR |
15 | Scheffold et al., 2001 [27] | Germany | 63 | M | intracondylar nail-extension | abdominal ultrasound | abdominal pain, fever | leukocytosis |
16 | LaBan et al., 2003 [28] | USA | 82 | F | bilateral knee arthroplasty | CT | abdominal pain, nausea | elevated INR, hyponatremia |
17 | Schuchmann et al., 2005 [8] | USA | 83 | F | bilateral total knee arthroplasty | autopsy | anxiety, hypertension, midback pain, shortness of breath, shock | hyponatremia, hypochloremia, leukocytosis, anemia, elevated INR |
18 | Kurtz and Yang, 2007 [29] | USA | 54 | F | total hip arthroplasty | CT | fever, abdominal pain, orthostatic syncope | not reported |
19 | Mongardon et al., 2007 [30] | France | 64 | M | total hip arthroplasty | CT | fever, abdominal pain, confusion, hypotension | thrombocytopenia, high urinary sodium |
20 | Thota et al., 2012 [31] | USA | 68 | M | bilateral total knee arthroplasty | CT | fever, abdominal discomfort, anorexia, fatigue, hypertension, tachycardia, altered mental status | hyperglycemia, leukocytosis, anemia, thrombocytopenia, hyponatremia |
21 | Chow et al., 2012 [32] | USA | 44 | M | bilateral total knee arthroplasty | CT | hypotension, abdominal pain, tachycardia, fever | leukocytosis, D-dimers elevation, hyponatremia, thrombocytopenia |