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Table 1 Maternal characteristics by ethnicity, expressed in prevalence

From: Gestational diabetes and macrosomia by race/ethnicity in Hawaii

Maternal characteristics

White N (%)

Hawaiian/PIaN (%)

Filipina N (%)

Other AsiansbN (%)

P-value

Maternal age (yrs)

< 25

3340 (26.1)

9174 (44.0)

2667 (26.9)

1082 (11.7)

< 0.01

≥ 25

9473 (73.9)

11677 (56.0)

7255 (73.1)

8143 (88.3)

 

BMI

Underweight/Normal

8243 (66.2)

9754 (49.1)

5958 (63.0)

6554 (74.3)

< 0.01

Overweight/Obese

4217 (33.8)

10107 (50.9)

3506 (37.1)

2268 (25.7)

 

Maternal nativity

US born

11274 (88.0)

17316 (83.1)

4775 (48.1)

5945 (64.8)

< 0.01

Foreign born

1540 (12.0)

3535 (17.0)

5147 (51.9)

3224 (35.2)

 

Household income

< $10,000

703 (5.8)

6543 (33.7)

1541 (16.9)

755 (8.6)

< 0.01

$10,000-49,999

5791 (47.9)

8774 (45.2)

4508 (49.5)

3037 (34.6)

 

≥ $50,000

5586 (46.2)

4098 (21.1)

3067 (33.7)

4996 (56.9)

 

Maternal education

High school or less

4665 (36.7)

13621 (66.8)

3983 (40.8)

2254 (24.8)

< 0.01

Some college

8037 (63.3)

6758 (33.2)

5769 (59.2)

6839 (75.2)

 

Married

No

2343 (18.3)

12360 (59.3)

4127 (41.6)

1832 (19.9)

< 0.01

Yes

10470 (81.7)

8492 (40.7)

5795 (58.4)

7393 (80.1)

 

Smoking last 3 months of pregnancy

No

11936 (94.7)

18223 (88.9)

9378 (95.7)

8552 (94.3)

< 0.01

Yes

669 (5.3)

2272 (11.1)

427 (4.3)

518 (5.7)

 

1 trimester prenatal care

No

1253 (10.0)

4908 (23.9)

1457 (15.0)

863 (9.4)

< 0.01

Yes

11347 (90.0)

15664 (76.1)

8228 (85.0)

8289 (90.6)

 
  1. aIncludes Samoan, Guamanian, Other Pacific Islanders.
  2. bIncludes Japanese, Chinese, Korean, Vietnamese, Asian Indian, and other Asians.