From: Haemoglobin status and predictors of anaemia among pregnant women in Mpigi, Uganda
Crude analysis | Adjusted analysis* | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | Frequency | Women with Hb < 11.0 g/dl n (%) | OR (95% CI) of Hb < 11.0 g/dl | P- value (trend) | OR (95% CI) | P value (trend) |
Overall anaemia | 2436 | 791 (32.5) | ||||
Age in years | ||||||
Below 20 | 474 | 186 (39.2) | 1.38 (1.10-1.74) | 0.008 (0.016) | 1.21 (0.93-1.58) | 0.26(0.18) |
20-24 | 937 | 298 (31.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
25-29 | 680 | 199 (29.3) | 0.89 (0.72-1.10) | 0.87 (0.68-1.12) | ||
30-34 | 176 | 52 (29.6) | 0.90 (0.63-1.28) | 0.86 (0.57-1.31) | ||
≥35 | 169 | 56 (31.1) | 1.06 (0.75-1.51) | 0.99 (0.63-1.57) | ||
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 295 | 110 (37.3) | 1.27 (0.98-1.64) | 0.06 | 0.93 (0.70-1.21) | 0.58 |
Married | 2141 | 681 (31.8) | 1 | 1 | ||
Education level | ||||||
No formal | 77 | 24 (31.2) | 1 | 0.98 (0.94) | ||
Lower primary (P1-P4) | 169 | 56 (33.1) | 1.09 (0.61-1.95) | |||
Upper primary (P5-P7) | 967 | 314 (32.5) | 1.06 (0.64-1.75) | |||
Secondary(S1-S6) | 1158 | 378 (32.6) | 1.07 (0.65-1.76) | |||
Tertiary | 65 | 19 (29.2) | 0.91 (0.44-1.87) | |||
Parity | ||||||
Nulliparous | 641 | 244 (38.1) | 1.57 (1.21-2.06) | 0.004 (0.024) | 1.48 (1.08-2.04) | 0.08 (0.13) |
1 | 582 | 186 (32.0) | 1.21 (0.92-1.59) | 1.22 (0.91-1.63) | ||
2 | 414 | 116 (28.0) | 1 | 1 | ||
3 | 286 | 78 (27.3) | 0.96 (0.69-1.35) | 0.98 (0.69-1.39) | ||
4 | 228 | 79 (34.7) | 1.36 (0.96-1.93) | 1.42 (0.97-2.07) | ||
Para 5+ | 285 | 88 (30.1) | 1.14 (0.82-1.60) | 1.14 (0.76-1.71) | ||
Timing of 1st visit | ||||||
First trimester | 251 | 92 (36.7) | 1 | 0.10 (0.9) | 1 | 0.22 (0.15) |
Second trimester | 1504 | 466 (31.0) | 0.78 (0.59-1.02) | 0.79 (0.59-1.05) | ||
Third trimester | 672 | 231 (34.4) | 0.90 (0.67-1.22) | 0.75 (0.54-1.05) | ||
Episodes of malaria | ||||||
Zero | 1501 | 454 (30.3) | 1 | 0.003 | 1 | 0.002 |
One or more | 935 | 337 (36.0)) | 1.30 (1.09-1.54) | 1.32 (1.11-1.58) | ||
HIV Sero-status | ||||||
Negative | 2246 | 703 (31.3) | 1 | <0.001 | 1 | <0.001 |
Positive | 190 | 88 (44.0) | 1.89 (1.40-2.55) | 2.13 (1.56-2.90) | ||
Iron sulphate taken | ||||||
None | 830 | 322 (38.8) | 1.54 (1.29-1.83) | <0.001 | 1.66 (1.36-2.03) | <0.001 |
Yes | 1606 | 469 (29.2) | 1 | 1 | ||
Doses of IPT | ||||||
Two | 929 | 271 (29.2) | 1 | 0.06 | 1 | 0.15 |
One or none | 1507 | 520 (34.5) | 1.28 (1.07-1.53) | 1.15 (0.95-1.40) | ||
Doses of anti-helminthics taken | ||||||
One + | 1925 | 617 (32.1) | 1 | 0.39 | ||
Zero | 511 | 174 (34.1) | 1.09 (0.89-1.35) |