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Table 3 Factors associated with of anaemia in third trimester of pregnancy in Mpigi, Uganda

From: Haemoglobin status and predictors of anaemia among pregnant women in Mpigi, Uganda

 

Crude analysis

Adjusted analysis*

Characteristic

Frequency

Women with Hb < 11.0 g/dl n (%)

OR (95% CI) of Hb < 11.0 g/dl

P- value (trend)

OR (95% CI)

P value (trend)

Overall anaemia

2436

791 (32.5)

    

Age in years

      

 Below 20

474

186 (39.2)

1.38 (1.10-1.74)

0.008 (0.016)

1.21 (0.93-1.58)

0.26(0.18)

 20-24

937

298 (31.8)

1

1

 25-29

680

199 (29.3)

0.89 (0.72-1.10)

0.87 (0.68-1.12)

 30-34

176

52 (29.6)

0.90 (0.63-1.28)

0.86 (0.57-1.31)

 ≥35

169

56 (31.1)

1.06 (0.75-1.51)

0.99 (0.63-1.57)

Marital status

      

 Single

295

110 (37.3)

1.27 (0.98-1.64)

0.06

0.93 (0.70-1.21)

0.58

 Married

2141

681 (31.8)

1

1

Education level

      

 No formal

77

24 (31.2)

1

0.98 (0.94)

  

 Lower primary (P1-P4)

169

56 (33.1)

1.09 (0.61-1.95)

 

 Upper primary (P5-P7)

967

314 (32.5)

1.06 (0.64-1.75)

 

 Secondary(S1-S6)

1158

378 (32.6)

1.07 (0.65-1.76)

 

 Tertiary

65

19 (29.2)

0.91 (0.44-1.87)

 

Parity

      

 Nulliparous

641

244 (38.1)

1.57 (1.21-2.06)

0.004 (0.024)

1.48 (1.08-2.04)

0.08 (0.13)

 1

582

186 (32.0)

1.21 (0.92-1.59)

1.22 (0.91-1.63)

 2

414

116 (28.0)

1

1

 3

286

78 (27.3)

0.96 (0.69-1.35)

0.98 (0.69-1.39)

 4

228

79 (34.7)

1.36 (0.96-1.93)

1.42 (0.97-2.07)

 Para 5+

285

88 (30.1)

1.14 (0.82-1.60)

1.14 (0.76-1.71)

Timing of 1st visit

      

 First trimester

251

92 (36.7)

1

0.10 (0.9)

1

0.22 (0.15)

 Second trimester

1504

466 (31.0)

0.78 (0.59-1.02)

0.79 (0.59-1.05)

 Third trimester

672

231 (34.4)

0.90 (0.67-1.22)

0.75 (0.54-1.05)

Episodes of malaria

      

 Zero

1501

454 (30.3)

1

0.003

1

0.002

 One or more

935

337 (36.0))

1.30 (1.09-1.54)

 

1.32 (1.11-1.58)

 

HIV Sero-status

      

 Negative

2246

703 (31.3)

1

<0.001

1

<0.001

 Positive

190

88 (44.0)

1.89 (1.40-2.55)

 

2.13 (1.56-2.90)

 

Iron sulphate taken

      

 None

830

322 (38.8)

1.54 (1.29-1.83)

<0.001

1.66 (1.36-2.03)

<0.001

 Yes

1606

469 (29.2)

1

1

Doses of IPT

      

 Two

929

271 (29.2)

1

0.06

1

0.15

 One or none

1507

520 (34.5)

1.28 (1.07-1.53)

1.15 (0.95-1.40)

Doses of anti-helminthics taken

      

 One +

1925

617 (32.1)

1

0.39

  

 Zero

511

174 (34.1)

1.09 (0.89-1.35)

 
  1. Hb: Haemoglobin; OR: Odds ratios; IPT: Intermittent presumptive treatment of malaria.
  2. P-values are from the likelihood ratio test, *adjusted for age, parity, marital status, iron tablets intake, IPT, malaria, timing of first antenatal visit and HIV-sero-status.