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Table 1 Summary of published articles regarding rubella in pregnant women in Africa between 2002 and 2014

From: Serological makers of rubella infection in Africa in the pre vaccination era: a systematic review

Location/Country

Age

Sample size

IgG+

Cut off points

Trimester

Study period

References

Mwanza, Tanzania

15–44

Urban = 161

Rural = 181

Urban = 146 (90.6 %)

Rural = 171 (94.5 %)

Overall (92.7 %)

10 IU/ml

1 = 13

2 = 171

3 = 133

Nov 2012–May 2013

[28]

Ibadan south west (SW), Nigeria

15–42

273

244 (89.4 %)

10 IU/ml

NR

July 2010

[36]

Ibadan, Nigeria

15–39

159

109 (68.5 %)

20 IU/ml

NR

March–Oct 2002

[24]

Ilorin, Nigeria

 

92

78 (84.8 %)

0.55U/ml

1 = 23

2 = 68

1 = none

July–September 2009

[37]

SW Nigeria

19–44

90

86 (95.5 %)

>10 IU/ml

NR

Oct 2011–May 2012

[38]

Makurdi, Nigeria

18–36

534

NR

NR

1 = 534

Feb–July 2007

[26]

SE, Nigeria

19–30

345

329 (95.4 %)

NR

NR

June–Sept 2012

[39]

Benin, Nigeria

16–45

270

143 (52.9 %)

≥10 IU/ml

NR

NR

[27]

Zaria, Nigeria

19–45

Urban = 387

Rural = 43

Urban = 380 (98.2 %)

Rural = 41 (95.3 %)

Overall (97.9 %)

NR

NR

May 2007–Fe 2008

[40]

Borno, Nigeria

15–40

90

75 (83.3 %)

≥10 IU/ml

1 = 11

2 = 23

3 = 56

NR

[41]

Osogbo, Nigeria

15–40

200

175 (87.5 %)

>10 IU/ml

NR

March–June 2011

[42]

W. Sudan

25.7a

231

151 (65.4 %)

≥10 IU/ml

NR

Aug–Oct 2009

[43]

Khartoum state, Sudan

16–40

80

55 (68.7 %)

NR

NR

June 2012

[44]

Khartoum state, Sudan

16–47

500

465 (93 %)

15 IU/ml

NR

Nov 2008–March 2009

[45]

Maputo, Mozambique

15–30

Urban = 653

Rural = 321

Urban = 606 (92.8 %)

Rural = 311 (96.8 %)

Overall (94.1 %)

≥15 IU/ml

NR

Feb–April 2002

[46]

Ouagadougou, Burkina Faso

18–50

100

77 (77 %)

NR

NR

2006–2008

[47]

Burkina Faso

16–42

Urban = 132

Rural = 209

Urban = 125 (94.7 %)

Rural = 193 (92.3 %)

Overall (93.2 %)

≥10 IU/ml

NR

Dec 2007–March 2008

[48]

Kenya

15–46

Urban = 470

437 (92.8 %)

NR

NR

June–Dec 2005

[49]

Western cape, S. Africa

15–45

1200

1158 (96.5 %)

0.2 U/ml

NR

NR

[50]

Cameroon

15–40

211

186 (88.1 %)

>15 IU/ml

NR

April–July 2008

[51]

Benin

15–41

Rural = 283

266 (94 %)

NR

NR

July–September 2011

[52]

Total

  

90 % (52.9–97.9 %)

    
  1. NR not reported, NA not applicable
  2. aMean age