Table 1 Demographic data for overall study population and high and low-MPR subgroups

Age (years)

65.9 ± 9.67

63.6 ± 10.3

67.9 ± 9.3

Gender ratio (male/female, n (%))

12/3 (80.0/20.0)

6/1 (85.7/14.3)

6/2 (75.0/25.0)

BMI (kg/m²)

29.3 ± 3.36

29.3 ± 4.3

29.3 ± 2.6

Heart rate (bpm)

74.5 ± 11.8

78.6 ± 9.4

71.0 ± 13.2

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

153.0 ± 23.6

153.0 ± 29.3

153.0 ± 19.6

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

81.7 ± 11.1

83.7 ± 11.3

80.0 ± 11.4

Echocardiographic Data

 Peak pressure gradient (mmHg)

48.8 ± 12.4

50.5 ± 13.0

49.2 ± 12.7

 Mean pressure gradient (mmHg)

27.1 ± 7.5

27.4 ± 7.5

27.0 ± 8.1

 Aortic valve area (cm²)

1.26 ± 0.31

1.31 ± 0.40

1.20 ± 0.21

 E/A

0.77 ± 0.16

0.79 ± 0.17

0.76 ±0.17

 Average septal E/e’

12.94 ± 3.91

11.19 ± 1.01

14.48 ± 4.89

 Average lateral E/e’

10.65 ± 3.49

9.34 ± 2.90

11.80 ± 3.73

 Resting LVRPP (mmHg.bpm)

14,424.3 ± 3054.0

15,400.5 ± 2627.3

13,570.2 ± 3309.1

 Exercise LVRPP (mmHg.bpm)

36,041.3 ± 5235.1

38,888.7 ± 4365.0

34,449.0 ± 5656.8

CMR data

 LVMI (g/m²)

66.72 ± 15.35

68.2 ± 13.9

65.4 ± 17.3

 LVEDVI (ml/m²)

85.02 ± 15.92

81.59 ± 17.33

88.03 ± 15.07

 LVEF (%)

58.29 ± 3.81

58.3 ± 3.3

58.3 ± 4.4