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Table 1 Systemic manifestations oh HFMD [14, 15]

From: A literature review and case report of hand, foot and mouth disease in an immunocompetent adult

Systemic features of HFMD

Systemic features in severe occurrences of HFMD

Anorexia, fever, low pollution, sore throat, runny nose, abdominal pain, and sometimes myalgia, lymphadenopathy, diarrhea, nausea and vomiting

Skin rashes, fever ≥38 °C, neurological symptoms, respiratory symptoms such as tachypnea or bradypnea, pulmonary edema, cardiovascular symptoms such as tachycardia and hypertension, bleeding, pulmonary consolidation, hyperglycemia, elevated leukocyte and high levels of lactic acid