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Table 2 Potential risk/indicator factors for animal level brucellosis seropositivity on the basis of univariate analysis

From: Seroprevalence and risk factors associated with bovine brucellosis in the Potohar Plateau, Pakistan

Factors

Levels

Animals examined

Animals positive cattle/buffaloes (total  % and 95% CI)

True prevalence (95% CI)

P value

Body condition

Healthy

2152

64/63 (5.9: 4.9–7.0)

9.3 (7.7–10.9)

0.443

Medium

323

15/11 (8.0: 5.3–11.6)

12.7 (8.0–17.4)

 

Weak

234

8/9 (7.3: 4.3–11.4)

11.4 (6.2–16.7)

 

Sex

Female

2659

81/77 (5.9: 5.1–6.9)

9.4 (7.9–10.8)

<0.001

Male

50

6/6 (24.0: 13.1–38.2)

37.8 (19.2–56.5)

 

Urbanicity

Rural

1424

46/36 (5.8: 4.6–7.1)

9.1 (7.2–11.0)

0.9624

Urban

1285

41/47 (6.8: 5.5–8.4)

10.8 (8.6–13.0)

 

Age

Young

165

3/4 (4.2: 1.7–8.5)

6.7 (1.8–11.5)

0.129

Adult

2544

84/79 (6.4: 5.5–7.4)

10.1 (8.6–11.6)

 

Animal species

Cattle

1247

87 (6.9: 5.6–8.5)

11.0 (8.8–13.2)

0.036

Buffaloes

1462

83 (5.7: 4.5–7.0)

8.9 (7.1–10.8)

 

Stock replacement

Self-reared

633

27/21 (7.6: 5.6–9.9)

11.9 (8.7–15.2)

0.012

Purchased

2076

60/62 (5.9: 4.9–7.0)

9.3 (7.7–10.9)

 

District/territory

ICT

594

38/23 (10.3: 7.9–13.0)

16.2 (12.3–20.0)

0.164

Rawalpindi

1052

23/25 (4.6: 3.4–6.0)

7.2 (5.2–9.2)

 

Attock

1063

26/35 (5.7: 4.4–7.3)

9.0 (6.8–11.2)

 

Sampling sites

Ahmadal

251

8/13 (8.4: 5.3–12.5)

13.2 (7.7–18.6)

 

Attock

373

11/7 (4.8: 2.9–7.5)

7.6 (4.2–11.0)

 

Chak Shahzad

260

28/11 (15.0: 10.9–19.9)

23.6 (16.8–30.5)

 

Chountra

344

7/12 (5.5: 3.4–8.5)

8.6 (4.9–12.5)

 

Kahuta

309

7/5 (3.9: 2.0–6.7)

6.1 (2.7–9.5)

 

Kallar

399

9/8 (4.3: 2.5–6.7)

6.7 (3.5–9.8)

 

Kherimurat

439

7/15 (5.0: 3.2–7.5)

7.9 (4.7–11.1)

 

Rawat

334

10/12 (6.6: 4.2–9.8)

10.4 (6.2–14.6)

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