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Table 3 Pain assessment results in 14 dogs with bone fractures and 30 healthy dogs

From: Catestatin, vasostatin, cortisol, and pain assessments in dogs suffering from traumatic bone fractures

Parameters

Healthy dogs (n = 30)

Traumatic bone fracture dogs (n = 14)

Before morphine

After morphine

The CMPS-SF (/20)a

0

5.9 ± 2.6

3.9 ± 2.1

OP-VAS (mm)a

0

40.1 ± 13.7

33.3 ± 12.8

Saliva sampling S-VAS (mm)a

41.6 ± 23.5

28.1 ± 10.6

20.3 ± 7.6

Blood sampling S-VAS (mm)a

37.7 ± 22.1

22.0 ± 11.6

14.2 ± 9.3

Temperature (°C)b

38.9 ± 0.4

38.7 ± 0.5

38.1 ± 0.5

Heart rate (beats/minute)c

123.9 ± 30.6

137.1 ± 32.9

108.6 ± 24.3

Respiratory rate (breaths/minute)

92.6 ± 63.3

100.9 ± 59.6

117.9 ± 63.3

Serum cortisol (nmol/L)d

174.6 ± 78.5

108.1 ± 69.0

130.9 ± 93.6

Plasma catestatin (nmol/L)e

0.76 ± 0.17

0.61 ± 0.15

0.58 ± 0.16

Plasma vasostatin (nmol/L)

1.12 ± 2.16

0.39 ± 0.12

0.39 ± 0.07

  1. CMPS-SF short form of the Glasgow composite measure pain scale, OP-VAS score of visual analog scale for overall pain, S-VAS stress behavior visual analog scale during saliva and blood sampling. Significantly different using Tukey adjustment when p < 0.05
  2. aLevels significantly differed in dogs with bone fractures and healthy dogs (between healthy dogs and dogs with fractures before morphine treatment, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.048, and p = 0.02 for CMPS-SF, OP-VAS, saliva and blood sampling S-VAS, respectively, and between healthy dogs and dogs with fractures after morphine treatment, p < 0.0001, p < 0.0001, p = 0.002, and p = 0.0005 for CMPS-SF, OP-VAS, saliva and blood sampling S-VAS, respectively), and also before and after morphine administration (p = 0.045, p = 0.02, p = 0.02, and p = 0.01 for CMPS-SF, OP-VAS, saliva and blood sampling S-VAS, respectively)
  3. bTemperature in dogs with bone fractures after morphine administration differed significantly from either before morphine administration (p = 0.0008) or healthy dogs (p < 0.0001). No difference was found between dogs with fracture before morphine administration and healthy dogs
  4. cHeart rate in dogs with bone fractures after morphine administration differed significantly from before morphine administration (p = 0.001). No difference was found between healthy dogs and dogs with fracture before and after morphine administration
  5. dSerum cortisol levels in dogs with fractures before morphine injection differed significantly from healthy dogs (p = 0.01). No difference was found between dogs with fractures before and after morphine treatment and between after morphine treatment and healthy dogs
  6. ePlasma catestatin levels in dogs with bone fractures before (p = 0.009) and after morphine administration (p = 0.002) differed significantly from levels in healthy dogs. No difference was found between before and after morphine administration in the dogs with fractures