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Table 5 Association of co-variate risk factors independently associated with dyslipidemia in diabetic patients

From: Prevalence and pattern of dyslipidemia in Nepalese individuals with type 2 diabetes

Risk factors 

Hypertriglyceridemia

Hypercholesterolemia

Low HDL-C

High LDL-C

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

(OR) (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

Age (>55 year)

064 (0.40–1.03)

0.067

0.98 (0.63–1.54)

0.941

1.13 (0.72–1.76)

0.596

1.27 (0.77–2.09)

0.357

Male gender

1.09 (0.69–1.72)

0.720

1.29 (0.83–1.99)

0.245

1.24 (0.81–1.90)

0.324

1.65 (1.03–2.65)

0.039

BMI (>23 kg/m2)

1.00 (0.64–1.60)

0.978

1.05 (0.67–1.64)

0.829

0.75 (0.48–1.17)

0.204

1.04 (0.64–1.67)

0.888

Central obesity

1.10 (0.57–2.10)

0.781

1.14 (0.63–2.06)

0.660

4.03 (2.09–7.77)

<0.001

0.83 (0.41–1.70)

0.616

Urban resident

1.08 (0.67–1.73)

0.764

0.92 (0.59–1.44)

0.721

1.14 (0.73–1.78)

0.561

0.83 (0.50–1.36)

0.456

Current smoking

1.77 (1.03–3.02)

0.037

1.07 (0.65–1.74)

0.802

1.15 (0.71–1.87)

0.566

1.07 (0.62–1.85)

0.801

Non-vegetarian diet

1.10 (0.50–2.44)

0.815

0.89 (0.41–1.93)

0.774

0.86 (0.41–1.84)

0.705

1.25 (0.56–2.74)

0.585

Fasting hyperglycemia

1.27 (0.82–1.97)

0.282

2.44 (1.57–3.81)

0.000

3.00 (1.92–4.67)

<0.001

2.16 (1.39–3.37)

0.001

Poor glycemic control

3.86 (2.11–7.07)

<0.001

1.74 (1.09–2.77)

0.020

0.96 (0.60–1.54)

0.874

2.10 (1.12–3.91)

0.020

DM duration(>10 year)

0.65 (0.34–1.23)

0.186

1.08 (0.59–1.97)

0.813

1.12 (0.63–1.55)

0.695

0.86 (0.44–1.69)

0.663

Hypertension (HTN)

4.14 (2.40–7.16)

<0.001

1.97 (1.25–3.12)

0.004

1.93 (1.21–3.07)

0.006

1.46 (0.85–2.51)

0.175

Duration of HTN

1.04 (0.96–1.12)

0.383

1.09 (1.01–1.16)

0.020

1.01 (0.95–1.08)

0.690

1.05 (0.96–1.15)

0.272

Risk factors

High TC/HDL-C

High non-HDL-C

High ApoB

Mixed dyslipidemia

 

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

OR (95% CI)

p value

Age (>55 year)

1.29 (0.82–2.03)

0.266

0.90 (0.53–1.54)

0.708

0.91 (0.54-1.54)

0.729

0.93 (0.47–1.86)

0.846

Male gender

1.21 (0.79–1.87)

0.383

1.70 (1.03–2.82)

0.038

1.78 (1.08-2.93)

0.023

2.18 (1.13–4.20)

0.021

BMI (>23 kg/m2)

0.86 (0.55–1.34)

0.500

0.85 (0.51–1.41)

0.527

0.88 (0.54-1.45)

0.626

1.14 ( 0.61–2.15)

0.679

Central obesity

2.51 (1.35–4.69)

0.004

0.71 (0.31–1.62)

0.422

0.88 (0.41-1.91)

0.750

1.48 (0.54–4.04)

0.448

Urban resident

1.13 (0.72–1.77)

0.602

0.85 (0.50–1.44)

0.542

0.85 (0.50-1.43)

0.530

0.85 (0.42–1.73)

0.660

Current smoking

1.74 (1.06–2.85)

0.029

1.00 (0.56–1.77)

0.989

1.00 (0.56-1.75)

0.985

0.80 (0.37–1.70)

0.562

Non-vegetarian diet

1.12 (0.52–2.41)

0.780

1.20 (0.53–2.76)

0.660

1.21 (0.53-2.77)

0.647

0.96 (0.34–2.74)

0.941

Fasting hyperglycemia

2.92 (1.86–4.57)

<0.001

2.46 (1.55–3.89)

<0.001

2.40 (1.52-3.78)

<0.001

1.76 (0.97–3.16)

0.061

Poor glycemic control

1.33 (0.83-2.15)

0.236

3.92 (1.77–8.63)

0.001

4.60 (2.08-10.01)

<0.001

5.22 (1.52–17.88)

0.009

DM duration (>10 year)

1.04 (0.57–1.90)

0.888

0.58 (0.29–1.15)

0.119

0.51 (0.26-1.02)

0.055

0.40 (0.17–0.91)

0.030

Hypertension (HTN)

2.03 (1.28–3.24)

0.003

1.85 (1.02–3.37)

0.042

1.99 (1.11-3.60)

0.022

2.18 (0.93–5.12)

0.074

Duration of HTN

1.06 (0.99–1.14)

0.081

1.09 (0.98–1.21)

0.095

1.10 (1.0-1.22)

0.056

1.12 (0.95–1.31)

0.162

  1. Values are presented as OR (95% CI). OR = Odds ratio, CI = Confidence Interval. Coding of categorical variables-Age groups: female = 0, male = 1; Sex: female = 0, male = 1; BMI: normal = 0, increased = 1; Central obesity: absent = 0, present = 1; Place of residence: village = 0, urban = 1; Smoking habit: non-smoker = 0, current smoker = 1; Diet: vegetarian = 0, non-vegetarian = 1, Glycemic control: good (HbA1c% <7)=0,poor (HbA1c% >7)=1; Duration of diabetes: <10 years = 0, >10 years, Blood pressure: normotensive = 0, hypertensive = 1. Fasting plasma glucose and duration of diabetes were continuous variables