Table 1 Patient characteristics during midweek ward visits from selected hospitals, Cairo, Egypt, April 2014
From: Restraint use among selected hospitalized elderly patients in Cairo, Egypt
University Hospital A (N = 113) | University Hospital B (N = 69) | Ministerial Hospital (N = 57) | Private Hospital (N = 48) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Median age (IQR) | 60 (58–67)* | 63 (58–68)* | 67 (62–73) | 68.5 (63–75.5) |
Male sex (N%) | 51 (45.1) | 45 (65.2) | 29 (50.9) | 30 (62.5) |
Education (N%) | ||||
Illiterate | 75 (66.4)* | 39 (56.5)* | 28 (49.1)* | 9 (18.8) |
Some school | 29 (25.7) | 21 (30.4) | 21 (36.8) | 19 (39.6) |
College | 8 (7.1) | 9 (13.0) | 6 (10.5) | 14 (29.2) |
Post graduate | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 2 (3.5) | 4 (8.3) |
Age adjusted Charlson comorbidities score | ||||
Median score (IQR) | 6.0 (5–8) | 5.5 (4–7)* | 6.0 (5–7)* | 7.0 (6–9) |
Scores by categories | ||||
< 5 (N%) | 17 (15.0) | 23 (33.8)* | 9 (15.8)* | 3 (6.3) |
5–6 (N%) | 27 (23.9) | 11 (16.2) | 8 (14.0) | 8 (16.7) |
6–8 (N%) | 28 (24.8) | 23 (33.8) | 29 (50.9) | 16 (33.3) |
> 8 (N%) | 41 (36.3) | 11 (16.2) | 11 (19.3) | 21 (43.8) |
Device (N%) | ||||
None | 24 (21.2)* | 10 (14.5) | 30 (52.6)* | 5 (10.4) |
Feeding tube | 69 (61.1) | 21 (30.4) | 17 (29.8) | 16 (33.3) |
Urinary catheter | 17 (15.0) | 32 (46.4) | 8 (14.0) | 21 (43.8) |
Tracheal tube | 3 (2.7) | 6 (8.7) | 2 (3.5) | 6 (12.5) |
Medications | ||||
Median number per patient (IQR) | 7.0 (5–10) | 4.0 (3–6)* | 8.0 (7–11) | 8.0 (4–12) |
Attempts at interference in treatment (N%) | ||||
More than once | 3 (2.7) | 1 (1.5) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |
Once | 7 (6.2) | 6 (8.7) | 2 (3.5) | 4 (8.3) |
None | 103 (91.2) | 62 (89.9) | 55 (96.5) | 44 (91.7) |
Successful attempts at interference (N%) | ||||
0 | 106 (93.8) | 63 (91.3) | 55 (96.5) | 44 (91.7) |
1 | 6 (5.3) | 4 (5.8) | 1 (1.8) | 4 (8.3) |
2 | 0 | 0 | 1 (1.8) | 0 |
4 | 1 (0.9) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
5 | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 0 |
20 | 0 | 1 (1.5) | 0 | 0 |
Number of falls | ||||
None | 106 (94.6) | 67 (97.1) | 54 (94.7) | 48 (100) |
Once | 4 (3.6) | 2 (2.9) | 3 (5.3) | 0 |
More than once | 2 (1.8) | 0 | 0 | 0 |
Caregiver present (N%) | ||||
Formal | 1 (0.9) | 1 (1.5) | 1 (1.8) | 0 |
Informal | 91 (80.5) | 52 (75.4) | 36 (63.2) | 32 (66.7) |
None | 21 (18.6) | 16 (23.2) | 20 (35.1) | 16 (33.3) |
Caregiver asked to observe patient (N%) | 35 (31.0)* | 35 (55.7) | 30 (52.6) | 26 (54.2) |