Total N = 671 | Total exemption N = 62 | Control N = 609 | p valuec | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Number of PIMs, mean ± SD | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.9 ± 0.9 | 0.5 ± 0.8 | 0.002 |
Any PIMs, n (%) | 253 (37.7) | 34 (54.8) | 219 (36.0) | 0.01 |
Category of PIM, n (%) | ||||
Benzodiazepines | 109 (16.2) | 17 (27.4) | 92 (15.1) | 0.02 |
Proton-pump inhibitors | 87 (13.0) | 11 (17.7) | 76 (12.5) | 0.24 |
Hypnoticsb | 33 (4.9) | 5 (8.1) | 28 (4.6) | 0.22 |
NSAIDs | 25 (3.7) | 4 (6.5) | 21 (3.4) | 0.28 |
Peripheral alpha-1 blockers | 24 (3.6) | 3 (4.8) | 21 (3.4) | 0.48 |
Antidepressants | 14 (2.1) | 2 (3.2) | 13 (2.1) | 0.64 |
Digoxin | 7 (1.0) | 2 (3.2) | 5 (0.8) | 0.13 |
Antipsychotics | 7 (1.0) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (1.1) | 1.00 |
Ticlopidine or dipyridamole | 6 (0.9) | 1 (1.6) | 5 (0.8) | 0.44 |
First-generation antihistamines | 4 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (0.7) | 1.00 |
Others | 26 (3.9) | 3 (4.8) | 23 (3.8) | 0.73 |