Table 3 Risk factors for hypertension in 311 HIV/AIDS patients
Risk factors for diabetes mellitus | Participants (n = 311) | HTN | Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | P* |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age in years | 0.66 (0.39–1.11) | 0.12 | 1.56 (0.89–2.74) | 0.119 | ||
> 45 | 114 | 34 (29.8%) | ||||
≤ 45 | 197 | 43 (21.8%) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
Gender | 0.95 (0.47–1.93) | 0.89 | – | |||
Male | 50 | 12 (24%) | ||||
Female | 261 | 65 (24.9%) | ||||
Body mass index | 0.46 (0.27–0.78) | 0.003 | 1.76 (0.92–3.40) | |||
Overweight | 129 | 43 (33.3%) | 0.089 | |||
Normal/underweight | 182 | 34 (18.7%) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) | ||
Central obesity | 0.45 (0.26–0.78) | 0.004 | 1.62 (0.82–3.18) | 0.163 | ||
Yes | 170 | 53 (31.2%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
No | 141 | 24 (17.0%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
Exercise | 0.69 (0.19–2.49) | 0.57 | – | |||
Adequate | 16 | 3 (18.8%) | ||||
Inadequate | 295 | 74 (25.1%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
Alcohol intake | 0.87 (0.18–4.25) | 0.86 | – | |||
Alcoholic | 9 | 2 (22.2%) | ||||
Non Alcoholics | 302 | 75 (24.8%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
Smoking | 3.09 (0.43–22.34) | 0.24 | – | |||
Yes | 4 | 2 (50%) | ||||
No | 307 | 75 (24.4%) | ||||
ART | 2.69 (0.33–21.86) | 0.34 | ||||
Yes | 302 | 76 (25.2%) | ||||
No | 9 | 1 (11.1%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
ART duration (months) | 1.41 (0.81–2.46) | 0.22 | – | |||
Long duration | 88 | 26 (29.6%) | ||||
Short duration/Nil | 223 | 51 (22.9%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
CD4 count (cells/mm3) | 0.89 (0.51–1.54) | 0.67 | – | |||
≤ 350 | 95 | 25 (26.3%) | ||||
> 350 | 216 | 52 (24.1%) | 1 (Ref) | |||
Family history | 1.48 (0.88–2.49) | 0.14 | 0.64 (0.37–1.10) | 0.109 | ||
Yes | 127 | 37 (29.1%) | ||||
No | 184 | 40 (21.7%) | 1 (Ref) | 1 (Ref) |