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Table 3 Unadjusted and adjusted odd ratios of determinants of improved and unimproved sanitation facilities used by households

From: Determinants of access to improved sanitation facilities in rural districts of southern Ghana: evidence from Dodowa Health and Demographic Surveillance Site

Characteristics

Unadjusted

Adjusted

OR

95% CI

P-value

OR

95% CI

P-value

Age group

 < 30

1.00

  

1.00

  

 30–34

1.01

0.79–1.30

0.932

0.99

0.75–1.30

0.938

 35–39

1.22

0.96–1.54

0.104

1.21

0.93–1.58

0.157

 40–44

1.37

1.08–1.73

0.009

1.60

1.22–2.09

0.001

 45–49

1.67

1.32–2.10

< 0.001

2.01

1.53–2.62

< 0.001

 50–54

1.68

1.33–2.12

< 0.001

2.23

1.70–2.93

< 0.001

 55–59

2.04

1.61–2.58

< 0.001

2.73

2.06–3.60

< 0.001

 60–64

1.66

1.30–2.13

< 0.001

2.71

2.02–3.62

< 0.001

 65–69

1.97

1.52–2.56

< 0.001

3.32

2.44–4.51

< 0.001

 70+

1.11

0.88–1.41

0.372

3.02

2.27–4.03

< 0.001

Sex

 Female

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Male

2.12

1.92–2.34

< 0.001

1.23

1.05–1.38

0.008

Education

 No education

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Primary

1.35

1.11–1.63

0.002

1.28

1.04–1.58

0.019

 Junior high/middle school

2.72

2.38–3.10

< 0.001

1.73

1.48–2.03

< 0.001

 Senior high school and above

8.51

7.42–9.76

< 0.001

3.28

2.74–3.91

< 0.001

Marital status

 Single

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Divorced/separated

0.78

0.63–0.98

0.029

0.97

0.75–1.25

0.826

 Married

1.42

1.22–1.64

< 0.001

1.06

1.88–1.27

0.557

 Cohabiting

0.76

0.64–0.89

0.001

0.85

0.71–1.02

0.080

 Widowed

0.65

0.53–0.80

< 0.001

0.81

0.63–1.03

0.090

Household size

 Less than six

1.00

     

 Six and above

1.06

0.96–1.18

0.213

   

Occupation

 Unemployed

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Farmer

0.87

0.70–1.07

0.187

0.93

0.73–1.17

0.526

 Artisan

1.52

1.23–1.89

< 0.001

1.05

0.82–1.35

0.691

 Trader

0.86

0.68–1.08

0.186

1.00

0.77–1.28

0.983

 Civil servant

5.15

4.09–6.48

< 0.001

1.57

1.21–2.05

0.001

 Fisherman

1.63

1.24–2.12

< 0.001

1.31

0.97–1.77

0.084

 Others

2.79

2.19–3.55

< 0.001

1.62

1.23–1.24

0.001

Socioeconomic status

 Poorest

1.00

  

1.00

  

 Poorer

4.98

1.80–13.77

0.002

4.91

1.77–13.61

0.002

 Poor

11.03

4.09–29.75

< 0.001

10.66

3.94–28.81

< 0.001

 Less poor

13.38

4.98–35.98

< 0.001

11.40

4.23–30.74

< 0.001

 Least poor

81.69

30.52–218.64

< 0.001

52.44

19.52–140.89

< 0.001