Table 1 Reason for retraction among the 123 retractions
From: Correcting the literature: Improvement trends seen in contents of retraction notices
Fraud | Falsified data, fabricated data | 32 |
Mistakes/inconsistent data | Mistakes concerning data found in the paper raised by the author(s)/confirmed doubt over data raised by others | 32 |
Plagiarism | Publication of data or text already published by others or self-plagiarisma | 25 |
Overlap | Multiple publication of same data | 10 |
Property or legal concerns | Publication of elements without obtaining permission | 3 |
Ethics | Concerns on the ethical validation of the research | 2 |
Authorship | Disputed authorship | 0 |
Editor | Production or administrative error | 4 |
Others | Peer review process, quality of research, reproducibility | 14 |