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Table 1 Effect of the SMS intervention on the change in the level of biometric data

From: Five-year effectiveness of short messaging service (SMS) for pre-diabetes

 

Time

Repeated measure ANOVA

p-value

Baseline

6 months

12 months

24 months

60 months

Group

Time

Group × time

Weight (kg)

0.109

0.005*

0.101

 Control

72.32 ± 10.01

72.58 ± 10.29

72.30 ± 10.49

71.91 ± 10.88

71.33 ± 10.23

   

 Intervention

69.49 ± 10.52

69.01 ± 10.40

68.40 ± 10.19

68.47 ± 10.35

68.76 ± 10.88

   

BMI (kg/m2)

0.121

0.007*

0.206

 Control

26.25 ± 2.95

26.24 ± 2.99

26.28 ± 3.14

26.18 ± 3.27

25.97 ± 3.08

   

 Intervention

25.55 ± 2.94

25.31 ± 3.02

25.18 ± 3.10

25.11 ± 3.04

25.14 ± 3.33

   

Waist (cm)

0.118

0.006*

0.998

 Control

92.04 ± 8.05

91.78 ± 8.29

91.70 ± 8.33

91.72 ± 8.50

92.95 ± 7.85

   

 Intervention

89.86 ± 7.42

89.45 ± 7.22

89.38 ± 7.08

89.34 ± 7.47

90.82 ± 8.18

   

SBP (mmHg)

0.582

0.599

0.796

 Control

133.90 ± 16.45

135.18 ± 17.65

132.48 ± 19.13

133.74 ± 18.65

132.60 ± 17.36

   

 Intervention

136.54 ± 15.88

135.06 ± 17.16

135.46 ± 19.65

134.96 ± 16.31

134.05 ± 15.63

   

DBP (mmHg)

0.999

0.140

0.148

 Control

80.86 ± 11.04

80.34 ± 11.22

80.12 ± 13.02

79.74 ± 11.94

79.42 ± 12.00

   

 Intervention

80.32 ± 10.67

81.87 ± 17.94

77.76 ± 12.73

77.85 ± 11.64

81.74 ± 14.05

   

TC (mmol/L)

0.259

<0.001*

0.946

 Control

5.49 ± 0.93

NA

5.45 ± 0.99

5.42 ± 0.87

5.13 ± 0.85

   

 Intervention

5.35 ± 0.72

NA

5.24 ± 0.77

5.28 ± 0.90

4.96 ± 0.87

   

HDL (mmol/L)

0.791

0.014*

0.389

 Control

1.32 ± 0.39

NA

1.22 ± 0.27

1.21 ± 0.26

1.23 ± 0.31

   

 Intervention

1.28 ± 0.40

NA

1.24 ± 0.27

1.22 ± 0.25

1.30 ± 0.28

   

TG (mmol/L)

0.242

0.222

0.540

 Control

1.77 ± 1.09

NA

1.95 ± 1.90

1.93 ± 1.91

1.75 ± 1.22

   

 Intervention

1.71 ± 0.87

NA

1.61 ± 1.15

1.65 ± 1.20

1.41 ± 0.71

   

LDL (mmol/L)

0.263

<0.001*

0.922

 Control

3.47 ± 0.85

NA

3.50 ± 0.92

3.49 ± 0.80

3.13 ± 0.78

   

 Intervention

3.34 ± 0.70

NA

3.32 ± 0.72

3.33 ± 0.77

3.03 ± 0.82

   
  1. ANOVA analysis of variance, BMI body mass index, SBP systolic blood pressure, DBP diastolic blood pressure, TC total cholesterol, HDL high density lipoprotein, TG triglyceride, LDL low density lipoprotein, NA not applicable