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Fig. 1 | BMC Research Notes

Fig. 1

From: Antiviral response elicited against avian influenza virus infection following activation of toll-like receptor (TLR)7 signaling pathway is attributable to interleukin (IL)-1β production

Fig. 1

Stimulation of avian macrophages with TLR ligand, ssRNA increases the production of IL-1β and NO. a The MQ-NCSU cells were cultured on coverslips in 12-well plates with 1 × 106 viable cells per well and protein transport inhibitor (2 µl/ml) was added to culture medium after 6 h. After 24 h of culture, the cells were stimulated with ssRNA (10 µg/ml), or RPMI growth medium as a control separately in triplicate. Following 24 h of treatment, immunofluorescent staining was performed for IL-1β expression after fixation with 4% paraformaldehyde. The representative figures in each group are shown as well the quantitative data of IL-1β expression. b MQ-NCSU cells were cultured in 12-well plates (1 × 106 cells per well) for 24 h and stimulated with either ssRNA (10 µg/ml) or RPMI medium (control) in triplicate. The culture supernatants were collected 24 h post-treatment and NO assay was performed using Griess assay to quantify NO production. The experiment was repeated two more times with similar results and the data were pooled. Student’s t-test was used to identify differences between two groups and the differences were considered significant at P < 0.05. The bars represent mean ± SEM

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