Table 2 Association of Salmonella species with socio-demographic factors, hand washing habit and food safety practices of food handlers at Hawassa city, Southern Ethiopia, June to December 2018 (N = 236)
Variables | Categories | Salmonella species(n = 5) | P value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive n (%) | Negative n (%) | Total | |||
Gender | Male | 1 (1.2) | 85 (98.8) | 86 | 0.322 |
Female | 4 (2.7) | 146 (97.3) | 150 | ||
Educational status | Illiterate | – | 20 (100) | 20 | 0.492 |
Literate | 5 (2.3) | 211 (97.7) | 216 | ||
Trained on food preparation | Yes | – | 21 (100) | 21 | 1.00 |
No | 5 (2.3) | 210 (97.7) | 215 | ||
Washed hand before touching food | Soap and water | 2 (1.1) | 176 (98.9) | 178 | 0.097 |
Water only | 3 (5.2) | 55 (94.8) | 58 | ||
Washed hand after toilet | Soap and water | – | 162 (100) | 162 | 0.03 |
Water only | 5 (6.8) | 69 (93.2) | 74 | ||
Medical checkup | Yes | 1 (1.1) | 87 (98.9) | 88 | 0.653 |
No | 4 (2.7) | 144 (97.3) | 148 | ||
Worn hair cover | Yes | 1 (1.1) | 91 (98.9) | 92 | 0.651 |
No | 4 (2.8) | 140 (97.2) | 144 | ||
Worn gown or coat | Yes | 5 (2.6) | 189 (97.4) | 194 | 0.589 |
No | – | 42 (100) | 42 | ||
Trimmed finger nails | Yes | 2 (1.4) | 145 (98.6) | 147 | 0.368 |
No | 3 (3.4) | 86 (96.6) | 89 | ||
Worn jewelry | Yes | 2 (3.7) | 52 (96.3) | 54 | 0.322 |
No | 3 (1.6) | 179 (98.4) | 182 | ||
Use hand glove | Yes | 1 (7.7) | 12 (92.3) | 13 | 0.249 |
No | 4 (1.8) | 219 (98.2) | 223 | ||
Wash hand after touching body parts | Soap and water | – | 38 (100) | 38 | 0.593 |
Water only | 1 (3.1) | 31 (96.9) | 32 | ||
No | 4 (2.4) | 162 (97.6) | 166 | ||
Wash hand after touching dirty materials | Soap and water | – | 84 (100) | 84 | 0.085 |
Water only | 5 (4.2) | 115 (95.8) | 120 | ||
No | – | 32 (100) | 32 | ||