Serum inflammatory and oxidative stress biomarkers levels are associated with pain intensity, pressure pain threshold and quality of life in myofascial pain syndrome

Table 1 Distribution of demographic characteristics among the study participants

Variable	Case group (n = 43)	Control group (n = 42)	P value^c
Age (year)	9.35^a 36.44 ±	37.13 ± 8.47	0.715
Weight (kg)	71.58 ± 13.46	70.08 ± 11.08	0.546
Height (cm)	162.58 ± 7.00	161.08 ± 6.40	0.291
BMI (kg/m²)	27.06 ± 4.75	27.01 ± 4.09	0.901
Sex
Male	2 (4.6%)^b	5 (11.9%)	0.240
Female	41 (95.4%)	37 (88.1%)	0.240
Education Education
Illiterate	7 (16.3%)	1 (2.4%)	0.089
Primary school	7 (16.3%)	7 (16.7%)
Secondary school	2 (4.6%)	0 (0.0%)
High school	3 (7.0%)	5 (11.9%)
Diploma	9 (20.9%)	9 (21.4%)
University	15 (34.9%)	20 (47.6%)
Job
Unemployed	23 (53.5%)	20 (47.6%)	0.529
Employed	20 (46.5%)	22 (52.4%)	0.529
Marital status
Single	5 (11.6%)	8 (19.0%)	0.399
Married	38 (88.4%)	34 (81.0%)	0.399
BMI Classification
Normal (18.5–24.9)	15 (35.0%)	11 (26.2%)	0.955
Overweight (25–29.9)	14 (32.5%)	26 (61.9%)
Obese (≥ 30)	14 (32.5%)	5 (11.9%)
Physical activity
Low	31 (72.1%)	25 (59.5%)	0.486
Moderate	22 (27.9%)	17 (40.5%)	0.486
Any multivitamin use
Yes	25 (58.2%)	16 (38.1%)	0.061
No	18 (41.8%)	26 (61.9%)	0.061

BMI Body Mass Index, CRP C-reactive protein, EF energy/fatigue, EW emotional wellbeing, GH General health, hs-CRP high-sensitive, MDA malondialdehyde, MH mental health, P pain, PF physical function, PH physical health, PLA phospholipase A2, RE role limitation due to emotional problems, RP role limitation due to physical health, SF social function, SOD superoxide dismutase, TAC total antioxidant capacity
^aValues are means ± SD
^bValues are N (%)
^cSignificantly different at p < 0.05 by Independent-Samples T test, Mann–Whitney U test or chi-square test

ISSN: 1756-0500