Table 1 Baseline data (mean (SD) or n (%)) for randomised groups and the breast-fed reference group

n = 31

n = 32

n = 74

Birth weight (g)

3518 (441)

3322 (381)

3363 (407)

Gestational age (weeks)

39.9 (1.4)

39.4 (2.5)

39.7 (1.2)

Boys n (%)

18 (58)

18 (56)

39 (53)

Primips n (%)

9 (29)

12 (39)

31 (43)

Vaginal delivery n (%)

18 (58%)

20 (65%)

58 (81%)

Social code 1 or 2 n (%)

7 (24%)

5 (17%)

52 (76%)*

Ethnic group of infant n (%)

   White

18 (55%)

20 (66%)

32 (45%)

   Asian

6 (19%)

6 (20%)

21 (29%)

   Black

2 (7%)

3 (11%)

8 (11%)

Mother's age (yrs)

29.0 (6.5)

27.8 (7.6)

31.7 (4.8)*

% non-smokers

Mother

1st trimester

86%

65%

95%**

2nd/3 rd trimester

79%

68%

97%**

Current

83%

65%

95%**

Father

60%

58%

78%**