Table 4 Students’ self-reported understanding and perceived effectiveness of institutional AD regulations, compared to how they perceived their lecturers to understand and support these regulations

Students’ self-reported understanding of policies

2.92 (0.89)

Lecturers’ perceived understanding of policies

3.22 (1.10)

Students’ perceived effectiveness of policies

3.59 (0.73)

Students’ perceived severity of penalties

3.41 (0.87)

Students’ support for policies

2.67 (0.83)

Lecturers’ perceived support for policies

3.23 (1.04)