Fig. 2
In vivo β-ionone-induced metastasis emergence and its inhibition by gallein. LNCaP cells were subcutaneously implanted in NSG mice. Miglyol or β-ionone diluted in Miglyol was applied on mice skin, while gallein was delivered intraperitoneal. Mice were sacrificed as soon as one of the tumours, nodes or metastases reached 1500 mm3. Metastases originating from inoculated LNCaP cells were searched in various tissues by HES staining and immunohistochemistry using anti-PSA and anti-OR51E2 antibodies. a Cumulated number of metastasised tissues (that is the number of sampled tissues carrying metastases, not taking into account the inguinal nodes) in each animal of each group. For each mice group, data normality was checked using the D’Agostino & Pearson omnibus normality test. One way ANOVA showed a significant difference between groups and all pairs of groups were compared using a two-tailed Student’s test (*p ≤ 0.05). b Mean number of metastasised tissues for each group of mice and for each analyzed tissue. “Other” refers to tissues such as pancreas, spleen, stomach or kidneys. c Number of invaded inguinal nodes in each mouse for each group of mice. d Numbers of primary tumours