Table 2 Risk factor assessment for the acquisition of hMPV and hMPV/RSV co-infection

Duration of disease

6 ± 2.3 days

6 ± 2.2 days

–

0.2

Average hospital stays

5 ± 2 days

6 ± 2 days

–

0.3

Risk factors

Malnutrition (Height-for-age z-score ≤ − 2)

2

2

1.1 (0.6–1.6)

0.3

Male sex

4

5

1.5 (0.9–1.9)

0.4

Low birth weight (< 2500 g)

2

2

1.1 (0.5–1.4)

0.4

Mode of delivery-LSCS

1

3

3.5 (2.2–4.8)

0.04*

Outdoor air pollution

3

2

1.2 (0.5–1.6)

0.6

Indoor air pollution

4

4

1.1 (0.6–1.5)

0.4

Passive smoking

3

4

1.3 (0.7–1.8)

0.4

Non-exclusive breastfeeding (during the first 4 months of life)

1

1

1.1 (0.5–1.4)

0.3

Lack of immunization (within the first 12 months of life)

0

0

0

0.0

Over crowding

4

4

1.1 (0.6–1.5)

0.3

Concomitant conditions

 Congenital heart diseases

1

1

1.1 (0.6–1.5)

0.3

 Asthma

1

1

1.2 (0.7–1.8)

0.2

 Known Immunodeficiency

1

–

0

–**

 Epilepsy

1

–

0

–**

Mother’s experience as a caregiver

2

–

–

0.4

Mother’s education

 < grade 8

1

2

1.5 (0.6–1.9)

0.9

Day-care attendance

1

2

1.4 (0.7–1.8)

0.3

Trisomy 21

1

1

1.1 (0.7–1.4)

0.4

Birth order > 3

1

3

4.3 (3.2–5.6)

0.05*