Table 1 Comparison of the Mean Score of Cognitive Function Among Older Adults Based on Demographic characteristics

Gender

Female

23.13 ± 5.31

t* = 1.99

 < 0.001

Male

21.89 ± 5.51

Age range (year)

60–74

26.43 ± 2.68

t = 35.84

 < 0.001

75–89

16.40 ± 1.76

Marital status

Married

23.59 ± 4.91

t = 9.41

 < 0.001

Other (single, widow, and deceased spouse)

22.42 ± 2.16

BMI

Normal

24.45 ± 5.01

t = 9.97

 < 0.001

Overweight

18.72 ± 4.10

Underlying disease

No

26.95 ± 2.34

t = 20.07

 < 0.001

Yes

18.68 ± 4.32

Level of education

Below diploma

16.84 ± 2.16

F** = 1041.55

 < 0.001

Diploma

26.73 ± 1.84

University degree

27.79 ± 1.35

Cohabitation with family

Yes

23.75 ± 5.19

t = − 7.29

 < 0.001

No

18.94 ± 4.51

Driving

Yes

27.39 ± 1.45

t = − 14.56

 < 0.001

No

19.96 ± 5.00

History of heart disease

Yes

16.01 ± 1.02

t = 15.29

 < 0.001

No

24.49 ± 4.63

Diabetes

Yes

19.66 ± 4.41

t = 5.26

 < 0.001

No

23.38 ± 5.44

Hypertension

Yes

19.74 ± 5.05

t = 13.26

 < 0.001

No

26.49 ± 2.95

Hypercholesterolemia

Yes

18.25 ± 4.06

t = 8.41

 < 0.001

No

23.82 ± 5.13

Other diseases

Yes

17.73 ± 3.74

t = 9.17

 < 0.001

No

23.85 ± 5.07